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Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτ, ēlektron, "amber" [see the etymology of "electron"]; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.
Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope. Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago.
The Eyewire Museum is an interactive digital catalog visualizing data of mouse retinal cells. [13] The interactive and citizen science website Eyewire maps mices' retinal cells and was launched in 2012. In 2021, the most comprehensive 3D map of the human brain was published by researchers at Google. It shows neurons and their connections along ...
Reproduction of an early electron microscope constructed by Ernst Ruska in the 1930s. Many developments laid the groundwork of the electron optics used in microscopes. [2] One significant step was the work of Hertz in 1883 [3] who made a cathode-ray tube with electrostatic and magnetic deflection, demonstrating manipulation of the direction of an electron beam.
However, under favorable conditions in cell cultures, their entire length can be captured in several successive images (Fig. 1); Thickness: uneven caliber, mostly below 0.2 μm (below the resolving power of light microscopy), visible under electron microscopy;
To keep cells alive during observation, the microscopes are commonly enclosed in a micro cell incubator (the transparent box). Live-cell imaging is the study of living cells using time-lapse microscopy. It is used by scientists to obtain a better understanding of biological function through the study of cellular dynamics. [1]
The vault or vault cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein is a eukaryotic organelle (a structure in the cells of multicellular organisms) whose function is not yet fully understood. . Discovered and isolated by Nancy Kedersha and Leonard Rome in 1986, [2] vaults are cytoplasmic structures (outside the nucleus) which, when negative-stained and viewed under an electron microscope, resemble the arches of ...
Glial cells maintain homeostasis, produce myelin (oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells), and provide support and protection for the brain's neurons. Some glial cells can even propagate intercellular calcium waves over long distances in response to stimulation, and release gliotransmitters in response to changes in calcium concentration. Wound scars ...