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  2. Evolution of nervous systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems

    Area of the human body surface innervated by each spinal nerve. Even mammals, including humans, show the segmented bilaterian body plan at the level of the nervous system. The spinal cord contains a series of segmental ganglia, each giving rise to motor and sensory nerves that innervate a portion of the body surface and underlying musculature ...

  3. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    In a human, there are an estimated 10–20 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex and 55–70 billion neurons in the cerebellum. [64] By contrast, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has just 302 neurons, making it an ideal model organism as scientists have been able to map all of its neurons.

  4. History of neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_neuroscience

    Islamic medicine in the middle ages was focused on how the mind and body interacted and emphasized a need to understand mental health. Circa 1000, Al-Zahrawi, living in Islamic Iberia, evaluated neurological patients and performed surgical treatments of head injuries, skull fractures, spinal injuries, hydrocephalus, subdural effusions and headache. [4]

  5. Development of the nervous system in humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_nervous...

    Many neurons migrating along the anterior-posterior axis of the body use existing axon tracts to migrate along in a process called axophilic migration. [18] An example of this mode of migration is in GnRH-expressing neurons, which make a long journey from their birthplace in the nose, through the forebrain, and into the hypothalamus. [19]

  6. Evolution of the brain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain

    A human-specific duplicated gene, SRGAP2C accounts for this synaptic neoteny and acts by regulating molecular pathways linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. [25] Other genes are deferentially expressed in human neurons during their development such as osteocrin or cerebelin-2. [26]

  7. Development of the nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_nervous...

    Each wave of migrating cells travel past their predecessors forming layers in an inside-out manner, meaning that the youngest neurons are the closest to the surface. [27] [28] It is estimated that glial guided migration represents 90% of migrating neurons in human and about 75% in rodents. [29]

  8. This Blob Is the Size of a Grain of Sand. It's the Key to ...

    www.aol.com/blob-size-grain-sand-key-185500116.html

    A millimeter-sized sea animal could hold clues to the evolution of the human nervous system. While placozoans are simple animals only as big as a grain of sand, the blobs have unique cells that ...

  9. Neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience

    Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions, and its disorders. [1] [2] [3] It is a multidisciplinary science that combines physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, developmental biology, cytology, psychology, physics, computer science, chemistry, medicine, statistics, and mathematical modeling to understand ...