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  2. Electro-optic modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optic_modulator

    An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optical device in which a signal-controlled element exhibiting an electro-optic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. The modulation may be imposed on the phase , frequency , amplitude , or polarization of the beam.

  3. Optical modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_modulator

    An optical modulator is a device which is used to modulate a beam of light. The beam may be carried over free space, or propagated through an optical waveguide ( optical fibre ). Depending on the parameter of a light beam which is manipulated, modulators may be categorized into amplitude modulators, phase modulators, polarization modulators, etc.

  4. Electro-absorption modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-absorption_modulator

    An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam via an electric voltage. Its principle of operation is based on the Franz–Keldysh effect, i.e., a change in the absorption spectrum caused by an applied electric field, which changes the bandgap energy (thus the photon energy of an absorption edge) but usually does ...

  5. Extinction ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_ratio

    Eye diagram showing an example of two power levels in an OOK modulation scheme, which can be used to calculate extinction ratio. P 1 and P 0 are represented by (binary 1) and (binary 0) respectively. In telecommunications, extinction ratio (r e) is the ratio of two optical power levels of a digital signal generated by an optical source, e.g., a ...

  6. Eye pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_pattern

    In telecommunications, an eye pattern, also known as an eye diagram, is an oscilloscope display in which a digital signal from a receiver is repetitively sampled and applied to the vertical input (y-axis), while the data rate is used to trigger the horizontal sweep (x-axis). It is so called because, for several types of coding, the pattern ...

  7. ISO 10628 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10628

    ISO 10628 Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry specifies the classification, content, and representation of flow diagrams. It does not apply to electrical engineering diagrams. ISO 10628 consists of the following parts: Part 1: Specification of Diagrams (ISO 10628-1:2014) [1] Part 2: Graphical Symbols (ISO 10628-2:2012)

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    mail.aol.com/?rp=webmail-std/en-us/basic

    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Amplitude and phase-shift keying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_and_phase-shift...

    A modified constellation diagram of 16-APSK. Typically 16-APSK will have 15 degree phase offset on the outer ring, which is not depicted here. Symbols can be easily distinguished from each other and, moreover, varying of the space between rings is a way to counteract transmission distortions. [4]