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Class 0: Legacy BIOS; Class 1: UEFI with a CSM interface and no external UEFI interface. The only UEFI interfaces are internal to the firmware. Class 2: UEFI with CSM and external UEFI interfaces, eg. UEFI Boot. Class 3: UEFI without a CSM interface and with an external UEFI interface. Class 3+: UEFI class 3 that has Secure Boot enabled. [97]
The architecture of the rootkit safeguard can also prevent the system from running the user's own software changes, which makes UEFI controversial as a legacy BIOS replacement in the open hardware community. Also, Windows 11 requires UEFI to boot, [87] with the exception of IoT Enterprise editions of Windows 11. [10]
On system with BIOS firmware, the BIOS invokes MBR boot code from a hard disk drive at startup. The MBR boot code and the VBR boot code are OS-specific. In Microsoft Windows, the MBR boot code tries to find an active partition (the MBR is only 512 bytes), then executes the VBR boot code of an active partition.
rEFInd, a boot manager for UEFI systems. coreboot is a free implementation of the UEFI or BIOS and usually deployed with the system board, and field upgrades provided by the vendor if need be. Parts of coreboot becomes the systems BIOS and stays resident in memory after boot. Das U-Boot is a bootloader for embedded systems. It is used on ...
Though NTLDR and boot.ini are no longer used to boot Windows Vista and later versions of Windows NT, they ship with the bootcfg utility regardless. This is to handle boot.ini in the case that a multi-boot configuration with previous versions of Windows exists and needs troubleshooting from within the later operating system.
Prior to the development and ubiquitous adoption of the Plug and Play BIOS standard, an add-on device such as a hard disk controller or a network adapter card (NIC) was generally required to include an option ROM in order to be bootable, as the motherboard BIOS did not include any support for the device and so could not incorporate it into the BIOS's boot protocol.
Once all the boot and system drivers have been loaded, the kernel starts the session manager (smss.exe), which begins the login process. After the user has successfully logged into the machine, winlogon applies User and Computer Group Policy setting and runs startup programs declared in the Windows Registry and in "Startup" folders.
The boot ROM is either placed on the same die as the CPU or is an external ROM chip. On modern systems, the boot ROM (whether integrated into CPU or external ROM chip) is usually use NOR flash which supports execute in place. The boot ROM will then initialize the hardware busses and peripherals needed to boot.