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Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig. Directional boring offers significant ...
Until the arrival of modern downhole motors and better tools to measure inclination and azimuth of the hole, directional drilling and horizontal drilling was much slower than vertical drilling due to the need to stop regularly and take time-consuming surveys, and due to slower progress in drilling itself (lower rate of penetration).
Push-the-bit tools use pads on the outside of the tool which press against the well bore thereby causing the bit to press on the opposite side causing a direction change. Point-the-bit technologies cause the direction of the bit to change relative to the rest of the tool by bending the main shaft running through it.
The ability to vary the directional tendency of the assembly comes from varying the weight on the bit. A fixed assembly has only one directional tendency. The weight on bit allows you to tune that tendency. The bottom-hole assembly (BHA) can be: slick with no stabilisers; a pendulum bottom-hole assembly for reducing the deviation of a well
StraightLine HDD, formerly StraightLine Manufacturing, Inc., is an American corporation which designs and builds tooling and equipment for the Directional drilling industry. The company's products include directional drills, mud mixing systems, air hammers and a full line of down hole tools, wear parts and accessories for all brands of ...
Trenchless construction includes such construction methods as tunneling, microtunneling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD) also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe jacking (PJ), moling, horizontal auger boring (HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal excavation.
The operator also monitors the surface to ensure it remains undisturbed. As the tool nears the exit point, it is slowed down, and an exit pit is dug to locate both the tool and the bore. As the tool enters the exit pit, the operator chooses to either dig up the tool to retrieve it or reverse it back into the first bore pit for retrieval.
MWD tools are generally capable of taking directional surveys in real time. The tool uses accelerometers and magnetometers to measure the inclination and azimuth of the wellbore at that location, and they then transmit that information to the surface. With a series of surveys; measurements of inclination, azimuth, and tool face, at appropriate ...