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The largest consumer and importer of coal is China. China mines almost half the world's coal, followed by India with about a tenth. Australia accounts for about a third of world coal exports, followed by Indonesia and Russia. [5] Coal is largely held in the Earth in areas that it needs to be mined from, and is generally present in coal seams.
The richest Japanese coal deposits have been found on Hokkaido and Kyushu. Japan has a long history of coal mining dating back into the Japanese Middle Ages. It is said that coal was first discovered in 1469 by a farming couple near Ōmuta, central Kyushu. [72]
Coal mining, coal combustion wastes, and flue gas are causing major environmental damage. [143] [144] Water systems are affected by coal mining. [145] For example, the mining of coal affects groundwater and water table levels and acidity.
Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world. They provide a large amount of the fossil fuel energy in the world economy.. The People's Republic of China is the largest producer of coal in the world, while Australia is the largest coal exporter. [1]
This is a list of countries by coal production ranking countries with coal production larger than 5 million tonnes as of 2023. Coal production (million tonnes) Country
The Thar coalfield is located in Thar Desert, Tharparkar District of Sindh province in Pakistan.The deposits—16th-largest coal reserves in the world, were discovered in 1991 by Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and the United States Agency for International Development.
Mining of anthracite coal continues to this day in eastern Pennsylvania, and contributes up to 1% to the gross state product. More than 2,000 people were employed in the mining of anthracite coal in 1995. Most of the mining as of that date involved reclaiming coal from slag heaps (waste piles from past coal mining) at nearby closed mines.
The European deposits include the Coal Measures of Britain, which account for most of Britain's coal production and which are mostly bituminous coal. [46] The Westfield coal basin is the largest in Britain. [47] Other significant bituminous coal deposits are found through much of Europe, including France, Germany, and northern Italy. [48]