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The largest consumer and importer of coal is China. China mines almost half the world's coal, followed by India with about a tenth. Australia accounts for about a third of world coal exports, followed by Indonesia and Russia. [5] Coal is largely held in the Earth in areas that it needs to be mined from, and is generally present in coal seams.
Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands called coal forests that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Coal refuse, also known as coal waste, rock, slag, coal tailings, waste material, rock bank, culm, boney, or gob, is the material left over from coal mining, usually as tailings piles or spoil tips. For every tonne of hard coal generated by mining, 400 kg (880 lb) of waste material remains, which includes some lost coal that is partially ...
Coal mining regions are significant resource extraction industries in many parts of the world. They provide a large amount of the fossil fuel energy in the world economy.. The People's Republic of China is the largest producer of coal in the world, while Australia is the largest coal exporter. [1]
This is a list of countries by coal production ranking countries with coal production larger than 5 million tonnes as of 2023. Coal production (million tonnes) Country
Mining of anthracite coal continues to this day in eastern Pennsylvania, and contributes up to 1% to the gross state product. More than 2,000 people were employed in the mining of anthracite coal in 1995. Most of the mining as of that date involved reclaiming coal from slag heaps (waste piles from past coal mining) at nearby closed mines.
The European deposits include the Coal Measures of Britain, which account for most of Britain's coal production and which are mostly bituminous coal. [46] The Westfield coal basin is the largest in Britain. [47] Other significant bituminous coal deposits are found through much of Europe, including France, Germany, and northern Italy. [48]
Japanese coal is found in the extreme ends of the country, in Hokkaidō and Kyūshū, which have, respectively, 45 and 40 percent of the country's coal deposits. Kyūshū's coal is generally of poor quality and hard to extract, but the proximity of the Kyūshū mines to ports facilitates transportation. In Hokkaido, the seams are wider, can be ...