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  2. Consequentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism

    Rule consequentialism is a theory that is sometimes seen as an attempt to reconcile consequentialism with deontology, or rules-based ethics [15] —and in some cases, this is stated as a criticism of rule consequentialism. [16] Like deontology, rule consequentialism holds that moral behavior involves following certain rules. However, rule ...

  3. Deontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deontology

    In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: δέον, 'obligation, duty' + λόγος, 'study') is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, rather than based on the consequences of the action. [1]

  4. Teleology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleology

    Plato (left) and Aristotle, depicted here in The School of Athens, both developed philosophical arguments addressing the universe's apparent order (). Teleology (from τέλος, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal', and λόγος, logos, 'explanation' or 'reason') [1] or finality [2] [3] is a branch of causality giving the reason or an explanation for something as a function of its end, its ...

  5. Proportionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionalism

    Proportionalism is an ethical theory that lies between consequential theories and deontological theories. [1] Consequential theories, like utilitarianism, say that an action is right or wrong, depending on the consequences it produces, but deontological theories, such as Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, say that actions are either intrinsically right or intrinsically wrong.

  6. Philosophy of education - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_education

    Normative theories, on the other hand, try to give an account of how education should be practiced or what is the right form of education. [ 10 ] [ 9 ] Some normative theories are built on a wider ethical framework of what is right or good and then arrive at their educational normative theories by applying this framework to the practice of ...

  7. Normative ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normative_ethics

    Deontology argues that decisions should be made considering the factors of one's duties and one's rights. Some deontological theories include: Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative, which roots morality in humanity's rational capacity and asserts certain inviolable moral laws. [5]

  8. Values (Western philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Values_(Western_philosophy)

    Each group of theories tends to concentrate on different aspects of the subject so that if ethics can be defined as, say, the principles governing the conduct of a person [113] then the first group of theories (ontology and deontology) looks at the principles themselves, the second group of theories (teleology and consequentialism) looks at the ...

  9. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwork_of_the...

    Kant argues that the rightness of an action is determined by the principle that a person chooses to act upon. This stands in stark contrast to the moral sense theories and teleological moral theories that dominated moral philosophy at the time of Kant's career. The Groundwork is broken into a preface, followed by three sections. Kant begins ...