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The Serfdom Patent of 1 November 1781 aimed to abolish aspects of the traditional serfdom (German: Leibeigenschaft) system of the Habsburg monarchy through the establishment of basic civil liberties for the serfs. The feudal system bound farmers to inherited pieces of land and subjected them to the absolute control of their landlord. The ...
1781: Archduchy of Austria: Joseph II abolishes personal bondage of serfs and allows their freedom of movement with the Serfdom Patent of 1781. 1783 Russian Empire: Slavery abolished in the recently annexed Crimean Khanate. [76] Massachusetts
In the Habsburg monarchy, Jozef II issued the Serfdom Patent that abolished serfdom in the German speaking areas in 1781. In the Kingdom of Hungary, Jozef II issued a similar decree in 1785 after the Revolt of Horea in Transylvania. These patents converted the legal standings of all serfs into those of free-holders.
The Robot Patent is an English-language scholarly term for the imperial decrees (patents) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor (robot [a]) of serfs, issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings.
In 1781, Maria's son Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, issued a much more radical patent to abolish serfdom. It removed all major restrictions of landlords on peasants and cancelled the Robot. In 1785, he launched a survey of productive lands, and in 1789, he ordered that all peasant dues to the lords be replaced with a small annual rent.
In the Austrian Empire, serfdom was abolished by the 1781 Serfdom Patent; corvées continued to exist until 1848. Serfdom was abolished in Russia in 1861. [3] Prussia declared serfdom unacceptable in its General State Laws for the Prussian States in 1792 and finally abolished it in October 1807, in the wake of the Prussian Reform Movement. [4]
Joseph II by Anton von Maron, 1775. Josephinism is a name given collectively to the domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790). During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy (1780–1790), he attempted to legislate a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of what liberals saw as an ideal Enlightened state.
Serfdom was first modified by Maria-Theresa -- robota (forced labor on the lord's land) was reduced, and serfs could marry and change domiciles without the lord's consent—then abolished altogether by Joseph II. In 1781, Joseph's Patent of Toleration extended freedom of worship to Lutherans and Calvinists.