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Status epilepticus is a life-threatening medical emergency, particularly if treatment is delayed. [1] Status epilepticus may occur in those with a history of epilepsy as well as those with an underlying problem of the brain. [2] These underlying brain problems may include trauma, infections, or strokes, among others.
Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) is one of the non-convulsive forms of status epilepticus, a rare form of epilepsy defined by its recurrent nature. CPSE is characterized by seizures involving long-lasting stupor , staring and unresponsiveness. [ 1 ]
Status epilepticus is a seizure "lasting longer than 30 minutes or a series of seizures without return to the baseline level of alertness between seizures." [ 12 ] Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare type of focal motor seizure, commonly involving the hands or face , which recurs with intervals of seconds or minutes, lasting for extended ...
Convulsive status epilepticus that does not respond to initial treatment typically requires admission to the intensive care unit and treatment with stronger agents such as midazolam infusion, ketamine, thiopentone or propofol. [106] Most institutions have a preferred pathway or protocol to be used in a seizure emergency like status epilepticus ...
Once it reaches and passes 5 minutes, it is known as status epilepticus. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Accidental urination ( urinary incontinence ), stool leaking ( fecal incontinence ), tongue biting, foaming of the mouth, and turning blue due to inability to breathe commonly are seen in seizures.
[2] [5] It is a type of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). [5] The seizures are often resistant to treatment. [2] High doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates are often used, with care taking place in the intensive care unit. [2] A ketogenic diet may help in some cases. [1] The medications anakinra or tocilizumab have been tried. [2]
Structural causes of epilepsy include neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, infections of the central nervous system, and status epilepticus (a prolonged seizure or a series of seizures occurring in quick succession).
Status epilepticus with myoclonic, astatic, myoclonic-astatic, or absence seizures is another ominous sign, especially when prolonged or appearing early. Failure to suppress the EEG abnormalities (4- to 7-Hz rhythms and spike-wave discharges) during therapy and absence of occipital alpha-rhythm with therapy also suggest a poor prognosis (Doose ...