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A reserve can appear in any part of shareholders' equity except for contributed or basic share capital. In nonprofit accounting, an "operating reserve" is the unrestricted cash on hand available to sustain an organization, and nonprofit boards usually specify a target of maintaining several months of operating cash or a percentage of their ...
Balance sheet substantiation is the accounting process conducted by businesses on a regular basis to confirm that the balances held in the primary accounting system of record (e.g. SAP, Oracle, other ERP system's General Ledger) are reconciled (in balance with) with the balance and transaction records held in the same or supporting sub-systems.
It sometimes refers more specifically to the practice of managing financial risks that arise due to mismatches - "duration gaps" - between the assets and liabilities, on the firm's balance sheet or as part of an investment strategy. ALM sits between risk management and strategic planning.
The Federal Reserve uses its balance sheet during severe recessions to influence the longer-term interest rates it doesn’t directly control, such as the 10-year Treasury yield, and consequently ...
A consolidated financial statement (CFS) is the "financial statement of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent company and its subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity", according to the definitions stated in International Accounting Standard 27, "Consolidated and separate financial statements", and International ...
The retained earnings account on the balance sheet is said to represent an "accumulation of earnings" since net profits and losses are added/subtracted from the account from period to period. Retained Earnings are part of the "Statement of Changes in Equity". The general equation can be expressed as following:
It is important that a company's management recognizes the risk inherent in taking on debt, and maintains an optimal capital structure with an appropriate balance between debt and equity. [9] An optimal capital structure is one that is consistent with minimizing the cost of debt and equity financing and maximizing the value of the firm.
Since the balance sheet is founded on the principles of the accounting equation, this equation can also be said to be responsible for estimating the net worth of an entire company. The fundamental components of the accounting equation include the calculation of both company holdings and company debts; thus, it allows owners to gauge the total ...