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Later day Iroquois longhouse (c.1885) 50–60 people Interior of a longhouse with Chief Powhatan (detail of John Smith map, 1612) Longhouses were a style of residential dwelling built by Native American and First Nations peoples in various parts of North America. Sometimes separate longhouses were built for community meetings.
In the past, longhouses were primarily made out of timber sourced from trees such as Eusideroxylon zwageri (Bornean ironwood) so the longhouses were able to stand firm and durable. In modern times many of the older longhouses have been replaced with buildings using more modern materials, like brick or cement, but of similar design.
The walls of these longhouses were made from stacked planks of cedar wood, which were cut using beaver teeth and stone axes. [5] The longhouses had low, pitched roofs to efficiently disperse heat and featured a single door at each end. [9] Chiefs were responsible for assigning families to different sections of the longhouse.
Apache wickiup, by Edward S. Curtis, 1903 Apache wickiup. A wigwam, wickiup, wetu (), or wiigiwaam (Ojibwe, in syllabics: ᐧᐄᑭᐧᐋᒻ) [1] is a semi-permanent domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American tribes and First Nations people and still used for ceremonial events.
The Great house-style pueblos were constructed on a box system. Builders used molds to pour compacted mud without organic material. The exterior was stuccoed with sand, lime and oyster dust shells, then it was painted blue, green, or pink. Made without foundations, the walls were built from slots that were 25 centimeters deep.
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The Illinois, like many Native American groups, sustained themselves through agriculture, hunting, and fishing. [4] A partially nomadic group, the Illinois often lived in longhouses and wigwams , according to the season and resources that were available to them in the surrounding land.
Sammamish villages consisted of large longhouses, constructed of great cedar planks and poles. Houses were around 50 feet by 100 feet and could hold several families at a time, sometimes amounting to hundreds of people. Longhouses were divided so that each family had a "room" and a central fire pit, only partially-separated by partitions. [10]