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A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test , are often grouped together into one test panel called a blood panel or blood work .
Elizabeth Anne Holmes (born February 3, 1984) is an American biotechnology entrepreneur who was convicted of fraud in connection with her blood-testing company, Theranos. [2] The company's valuation soared after it claimed to have revolutionized blood testing by developing methods that needed only very small volumes of blood, such as from a ...
The test was named after the American agricultural chemist, Joseph Hoeing Kastle (1864–1916), who in 1901, invented and tested the crude blood test, and the German physician and chemist, Erich Meyer (1874–1927), who modified the test in 1903.
In the 1930s, serological testing, which tests certain proteins in the blood, became available, with a 40% exclusion rate. [ 11 ] In the 1960s, accurate genetic paternity testing became a possibility when HLA typing was developed, which compares the genetic fingerprints on white blood cells between the child and alleged parent. [ 12 ]
Manufacturers recommend that this type of testing should only be used when blood glucose levels are stable, such as before meals, when fasting, or just before going to sleep. [13] Duration of test: The time it takes for a reading to be displayed may range from 3 to 60 seconds from application of blood for different models.
During this method of prenatal testing, a sample of chorionic villi is removed from the placenta to be tested. This test is performed 10–13 weeks into pregnancy and results are ready 7–14 days after the test was done. [18] Another test using blood taken from the fetal umbilical cord is percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling.
Tracking serial blood pressure measurements was further enhanced when Donald Nunn invented an accurate fully automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer device in 1981. [10] The term essential hypertension ('Essentielle Hypertonie') was coined by Eberhard Frank in 1911 to describe elevated blood pressure for which no cause could be found. [11]
In addition to gathering patient information and history, Hippocrates also carefully observed the four liquids of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile to help him continue his diagnosis procedures. The Hippocratic methods are largely responsible for several different medical attributes, in regard to patient care and patient health.