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Integration using Euler's formula – Use of complex numbers to evaluate integrals; Liouville's theorem (differential algebra) – Says when antiderivatives of elementary functions can be expressed as elementary functions; List of limits; List of mathematical identities; List of mathematical series
In mathematics, the definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f , the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b , such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total.
List of integrals of irrational functions; L. List of integrals of logarithmic functions; R. List of integrals of rational functions; T. List of integrals of ...
Arbitrary constant of integration; Cavalieri's quadrature formula; Fundamental theorem of calculus; Integration by parts; Inverse chain rule method; Integration by substitution. Tangent half-angle substitution; Differentiation under the integral sign; Trigonometric substitution; Partial fractions in integration. Quadratic integral; Proof that ...
The next significant advances in integral calculus did not begin to appear until the 17th century. At this time, the work of Cavalieri with his method of indivisibles, and work by Fermat, began to lay the foundations of modern calculus, [7] with Cavalieri computing the integrals of x n up to degree n = 9 in Cavalieri's quadrature formula. [8]
In 1995, Alan Jeffrey published his Handbook of Mathematical Formulas and Integrals. [22] It was partially based on the fifth English edition of Gradshteyn and Ryzhik's Table of Integrals, Series, and Products and meant as an companion, but written to be more accessible for students and practitioners. [22] It went through four editions up to 2008.
The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) ... Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. New York: Dover.
These reduction formulas can be used for integrands having integer and/or fractional exponents. Special cases of these reductions formulas can be used for integrands of the form (+ +) and (+) (+ +) by setting m and/or B to 0.