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Artist's depiction of Pioneer 10, the first spacecraft to visit Jupiter. The exploration of Jupiter has been conducted via close observations by automated spacecraft.It began with the arrival of Pioneer 10 into the Jovian system in 1973, and, as of 2024, has continued with eight further spacecraft missions in the vicinity of Jupiter and two more en route.
Juno is the first mission to Jupiter to use solar panels instead of the radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) used by Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, the Voyager program, Ulysses, Cassini–Huygens, New Horizons, and the Galileo orbiter. [92] It is also the farthest solar-powered trip in the history of space exploration. [93]
The closest approach to the planet was on December 3, 1973, at a range of 132,252 kilometers (82,178 mi). During the mission, the on-board instruments were used to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter, the solar wind, cosmic rays, and eventually the far reaches of the Solar System and heliosphere. [6]
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
Large strategic science missions, the NASA flagship missions; Discovery Program, medium-cost NASA missions; New Frontiers program, medium-large NASA missions to outer planets; When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions – 2008 documentary covering NASA's mission history. Space exploration; Timeline of Solar System exploration
NASA is headed to the big planet for the holiday. It's latest in a tradition of monumental July 4th space missions.
Jupiter 3 March 1972 3 December 1973 641 days (1 yr, 9 mos, 1 d) Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to fly by Jupiter. [86] Pioneer 11: Jupiter 6 April 1973 4 December 1974 608 days (1 yr, 7 mo, 29 d) Pioneer 11 flew by Jupiter. [87] Saturn 1 September 1979 2340 days (6 yr, 4 mo, 27 d) Pioneer 11 was the first spacecraft to fly by Saturn. Mars ...