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Galen's Greek name Γαληνός (Galēnós) comes from the adjective γαληνός (galēnós) 'calm'. [28] Galen's Latin name (Aelius or Claudius) implies he had Roman citizenship. [29] Galen describes his early life in On the affections of the mind. He was born in September 129 AD. [6]
The Galenic corpus is the collection of writings of Galen, a prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire during the second century CE. Several of the works were written between 165–175 CE.
Galen was known for his treatises on being both a physician and a philosopher and was well versed in the works of Plato. His medical anatomy is described through the use of Plato's incorporeal ideals of the soul. The heart was the spirited, the liver the appetitive, and the brain the logical. [12]
Galen’s extensive body of work, originally written in Greek, provided a foundation for the preservation of medical knowledge that would later be translated into Latin. These translations facilitated the enduring legacy of Greek medical ideas in Roman and, ultimately, in Western medical traditions.
At the heart of Roman medicine and central to the development of Western medicine is Galen of Pergamum (AD 129–c. AD 210). [12] Galen was a prolific writer from whose surviving works comes what Galen believed to be the definitive guide to a healthy diet, based on the theory of the four humours. [13]
The Roman philosopher Boethius, who translated a large portion of the Greek classics into Latin. In Rome, Boethius propagated works of Greek classical learning. Boethius intended to pass on the great Greco-Roman culture to future generations by writing manuals on music and astronomy, geometry, and arithmetic. [16]
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Depiction of a Roman animal sacrifice. Music was an important aspect of Roman religious rituals. [13] It was used to set the rhythm of the ritual and invoke certain emotions. [14] Various instruments had different roles in Roman religion. Ancient Roman art displays tibicines, or players of the tibia, playing behind altars. [15]