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  2. Problem of Hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell

    For some thinkers, the existence of evil and hell could mean that God is not perfectly good and powerful or that there is no God at all. [62] Theodicy tries to address this dilemma by reconciling an all-knowing, all-powerful, and omnibenevolent God with the existence of evil and suffering, outlining the possibility that God and evil can coexist.

  3. Absence of good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absence_of_good

    …it is possible that one thing in relation to another may be evil, and at the same time within the limits of its proper being it may not be evil. Then it is proved that there is no evil in existence; all that God created He created good. This evil is nothingness; so death is the absence of life. When man no longer receives life, he dies.

  4. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    One resolution to the problem of evil is that God is not good. The evil God challenge thought experiment explores whether an evil God is as likely to exist as a good God. Dystheism is the belief that God is not wholly good. Maltheism is the belief in an evil god. Peter Forrest has stated:

  5. Best of all possible worlds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_all_possible_worlds

    Evil may be said to exist in the same way the hole of a donut exists: the donut was created, but the hole itself was not made, it was just never filled in – it is an absence. [10] And just as the hole could not exist without the donut, evil is parasitic upon good, since it is the corruption of a good nature. "God is infinite, and the devil is ...

  6. Alvin Plantinga's free-will defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga's_free-will...

    Plantinga's argument is that even though God is omnipotent, it is possible that it was not in his power to create a world containing moral good but no moral evil; therefore, there is no logical inconsistency involved when God, although wholly good, creates a world of free creatures who choose to do evil. [19]

  7. Theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodicy

    The theodicy argues that humans have an evil nature in as much as it is deprived of its original goodness, form, order, and measure due to the inherited original sin of Adam and Eve, but still ultimately remains good due to existence coming from God, for if a nature was completely evil (deprived of the good), it would cease to exist. [50]

  8. Augustinian theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy

    Aquinas began by attempting to establish the existence of God, [22] through his Five Ways, and then attested that God is good and must have a morally sufficient reason for allowing evil to exist. [23] Aquinas proposed that all goodness in the world must exist perfectly in God, and that, existing perfectly, God must be perfectly good.

  9. Ahriman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahriman

    This is our main quarrel with the Magians (Zoroastrians). They say there are two Gods: the creator of good and the creator of evil. Show me good without evil – then I will admit there is a God of evil and a God of good. This is impossible, for good cannot exist without evil. Since there is no separation between them, how can there be two ...