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C library functions like gets should never be used since the maximum size of the input buffer is not passed as an argument. C library functions like scanf can be used safely, but require the programmer to take care with the selection of safe format strings, by sanitizing it before using it.
Data cleaning differs from data validation in that validation almost invariably means data is rejected from the system at entry and is performed at the time of entry, rather than on batches of data. The actual process of data cleansing may involve removing typographical errors or validating and correcting values against a known list of entities.
Improper input validation [1] or unchecked user input is a type of vulnerability in computer software that may be used for security exploits. [2] This vulnerability is caused when "[t]he product does not validate or incorrectly validates input that can affect the control flow or data flow of a program." [1] Examples include: Buffer overflow
In general, data sanitization techniques use algorithms to detect anomalies and remove any suspicious points that may be poisoned data or sensitive information. Furthermore, data sanitization methods may remove useful, non-sensitive information, which then renders the sanitized dataset less useful and altered from the original.
Data validation is intended to provide certain well-defined guarantees for fitness and consistency of data in an application or automated system. Data validation rules can be defined and designed using various methodologies, and be deployed in various contexts. [1]
Regarding SQL injection, one can use parameterized queries, stored procedures, whitelist input validation, and other approaches to help mitigate the risk of an attack. [11] Using object-relational mapping can further help prevent users from directly manipulating SQL queries.
Following the flow of data between all the components of an application or group of applications allows validation of required calls to dedicated procedures for sanitization and that proper actions are taken to taint data in specific pieces of code. [12] [13]
Automated input minimization (or test case reduction) is an automated debugging technique to isolate that part of the failure-inducing input that is actually inducing the failure. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] If the failure-inducing input is large and mostly malformed, it might be difficult for a developer to understand what exactly is causing the bug.