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  2. Mitral regurgitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_regurgitation

    Dysfunction of any of these portions of the mitral valve apparatus can cause regurgitation. [citation needed] The most common cause of MR in developed countries is mitral valve prolapse. [10] It is the most common cause of primary mitral regurgitation in the United States, causing about 50% of cases. Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve ...

  3. Ventricular outflow tract obstruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_outflow_tract...

    The anterior mitral valve moves anteriorly during systole in these patients leading to dynamic LVOTO, and the increased mass of the septum leads to a physical narrowing for blood to pass through. Thus, both of these contribute to the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction seen in some cases of this disease.

  4. Atrial fibrillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

    Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating , which become longer or continuous over time. [ 4 ]

  5. Mitral valve repair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_repair

    Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leakage) of the mitral valve. The mitral valve is the "inflow valve" for the left side of the heart. Blood flows from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium of the heart.

  6. Mitral valve prolapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve_prolapse

    Mitral valve prolapse classification. Diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse is based on modern echocardiographic techniques which can pinpoint abnormal leaflet thickening and other related pathology. Echocardiography is the most useful method of diagnosing a prolapsed mitral valve. Two- and three-dimensional echocardiography is particularly ...

  7. MASS syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASS_syndrome

    Other possible symptoms are mitral valve prolapse, a large aortic root diameter, and myopia. [2] The skeletal features found in MASS syndrome include curvature of the spine , chest wall deformities, and joint hypermobility. [2] MASS syndrome and Marfan syndrome are overlapping connective tissue disorders. Both can be caused by mutations in the ...

  8. Mitral valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve

    The mitral valve is typically 4 to 6 square centimetres (0.62 to 0.93 sq in) in area and sits in the left heart between the left atrium and the left ventricle. [5] It has two cusps: an anterior one, and a posterior one. [6] The opening of the mitral valve is surrounded by a fibrous ring known as the mitral annulus. The anterior cusp attaches to ...

  9. Cox maze procedure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox_maze_procedure

    Cox and his associates at Duke, and later at Washington University School of Medicine developed the "maze" or "Cox maze" procedure, an "open-heart" cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF). Incidence of stroke in patients with AF who are anticoagulated is still around 2-5% per year.