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From 90-180 degrees it is the trapezius and the serratus anterior. Adduction is carried out by the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and the subscapularis. Horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction of the shoulder (transverse plane) Medial and lateral rotation of the shoulder (also known as internal and external rotation).
The muscles of internal rotation include: of arm/humerus at shoulder. Anterior part of the deltoid muscle [1] Subscapularis [1] Teres major [1] Latissimus dorsi [1] Pectoralis major [1] of thigh/femur at hip [2] Tensor fasciae latae; Gluteus generalis; Anterior fibers of Gluteus meralis; Adductor longus and Adductor brevis; of leg at knee [3 ...
The list below describes such skeletal movements as normally are possible in particular joints of the human body. Other animals have different degrees of movement at their respective joints; this is because of differences in positions of muscles and because structures peculiar to the bodies of humans and other species block motions unsuited to ...
Medial rotation of the arm [16] Medial rotation of the arm is most easily observed when the elbow is held at a 90-degree angle and the fingers are extended so they are parallel to the ground. Medial rotation occurs when the arm is rotated at the shoulder so that the fingers change from pointing straight forward to pointing across the body.
External rotation (lateral rotation or extorsion) is rotation away from the center of the body, [22] carried out by external rotators. Internal and external rotators make up the rotator cuff , a group of muscles that help to stabilize the shoulder joint .
External rotation (or extorsion or lateral rotation) is an anatomical term of motion referring to rotation away from the center of the body. The external rotator muscles include: Muscles
Between them these two joints allow a wide range of movements for the shoulder girdle, much because of the lack of a bone-to-bone contact between the scapula and the axial skeleton. The pelvic girdle is, in contrast, firmly fixed to the axial skeleton, which increases stability and load-bearing capabilities.
The Hawkins-Kennedy test [11] [12] has a sensitivity of approximately 80% to 90% for detecting impingement. The infraspinatus and supraspinatus [13] tests have a specificity of 80% to 90%. [10] A common cause of shoulder pain in rotator cuff impingement syndrome is tendinosis, which is an age-related and most often self-limiting condition. [14]