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The Nordoff–Robbins approach to music therapy is a method developed to help children with psychological, physical, or developmental disabilities. [1] It originated from the 17-year collaboration of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins [2] beginning in 1958, [3] with early influences from Rudolph Steiner and anthroposophical philosophy and teachings. [4]
For example, in music, attunement, is how listeners are able to connect with others while listening to and making the music. [1] When a psychoanalytic therapist uses music with his patients, it makes for a more open experience. The patient is more apt to respond positively because they have more time to respond. [16]
Everett Thayer Gaston (July 4, 1901 – 1970) was a psychologist active in the 1940s–1960s who helped develop music therapy in the United States, describing the qualities of musical expression that could be therapeutic.
Music therapy may be suggested for adolescent populations to help manage disorders usually diagnosed in adolescence, such as mood/anxiety disorders and eating disorders, or inappropriate behaviors, including suicide attempts, withdrawal from family, social isolation from peers, aggression, running away, and substance abuse.
British psychotherapist Paul Newham using Expressive Therapy with a client. The expressive therapies are the use of the creative arts as a form of therapy, including the distinct disciplines expressive arts therapy and the creative arts therapies (art therapy, dance/movement therapy, drama therapy, music therapy, writing therapy, poetry therapy, and psychodrama).
Clive Robbins (fourth from the left) during a visit to Finland in 1967. The third man from the left is Paul Nordoff.. Clive Robbins, (23 July 1927 in Handsworth, West Midlands – 7 December 2011 in New York) was a British music therapist, Special Needs educator, anthroposophist and co-founder of Nordoff-Robbins music therapy.
The study of background music focuses on the impact of music with non-musical tasks, including changes in behavior in the presence of different types, settings, or styles of music. [72] In laboratory settings, music can affect performance on cognitive tasks (memory, attention , and comprehension ), both positively and negatively.
Methodical means that music therapy always proceeds in an orderly fashion. It involves three basic steps: assessment, treatment, and evaluation. Treatment is the part of a music therapy process in which the therapist engages the client in various musical experiences, employing specific methods and in-the-moment techniques.