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  2. Mydriasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydriasis

    Mydriasis is frequently induced by drugs for certain ophthalmic examinations and procedures, particularly those requiring visual access to the retina. Fixed, unilateral mydriasis could be a symptom of raised intracranial pressure. The opposite, constriction of the pupil, is referred to as miosis. Both mydriasis and miosis can be physiological.

  3. Miosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis

    Visceromotor nerve axons (which constitute a portion of cranial nerve III, along with the somatomotor portion derived from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus) synapse on ciliary ganglion neurons, whose parasympathetic axons innervate the iris sphincter muscle, producing miosis.

  4. Pupillary response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_response

    Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.

  5. Cycloplegia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloplegia

    All cycloplegics are also mydriatic (pupil dilating) agents and are used as such during eye examination to better visualize the retina. When cycloplegic drugs are used as a mydriatic to dilate the pupil, the pupil in the normal eye regains its function when the drugs are metabolized or carried away.

  6. Pilocarpine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilocarpine

    Pilocarpine has been known to cause excessive salivation, sweating, bronchial mucus secretion, bronchospasm, bradycardia, vasodilation, and diarrhea. Eye drops can result in brow ache and chronic use in miosis. It can also cause temporary blurred vision or darkness of vision, temporary shortsightedness, hyphema and retinal detachment.

  7. Atropine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atropine

    Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...

  8. Oculogyric crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculogyric_crisis

    Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate , involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.

  9. Brimonidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brimonidine

    It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin. [4] [5] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication brimonidine/timolol along with timolol maleate. [6] Common side effects when used in the eyes include itchiness, redness, and a dry mouth. [4] Common side effects when used on the skin include redness, burning, and headaches. [5]