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In machining, a metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a large class of lathes designed for precisely machining relatively hard materials. They were originally designed to machine metals ; however, with the advent of plastics and other materials, and with their inherent versatility, they are used in a wide range of applications, and a broad range ...
The geometry of the way can vary depending on the situation. The most common types are flat, vee, and dovetail ways. Flat ways are used when there is little requirement for the slide to be constrained perpendicular to the axis of movement, or the constraint is being provided by another component or otherwise not needed, such as on the carriage of a lathe.
Modern metal lathe A watchmaker using a lathe to prepare a component cut from copper for a watch. A lathe (/ l eɪ ð /) is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, threading and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about ...
A ball bearing. A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Four wool spinning machines driven by belts from an overhead lineshaft (Leipzig, Germany, circa 1925) The belt drives of the Mueller Mill, model and reality, in motionA line shaft is a power-driven rotating shaft for power transmission that was used extensively from the Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century.
Early lathes, those prior to the late medieval period, and modern woodworking lathes and potter's wheels may or may not fall under this definition, depending on how one views the headstock spindle itself; but the earliest historical records of a lathe with direct mechanical control of the cutting tool's path are of a screw-cutting lathe dating ...
Facing on the lathe uses a facing tool to cut a flat surface perpendicular to the work piece's rotational axis. A facing tool is mounted into a tool holder that rests on the carriage of the lathe. The tool will then feed perpendicularly across the part's rotational axis as it spins in the jaws of the chuck.
The closer on a manual lathe is either lever-style or handwheel-style. The closer on a CNC lathe is powered (electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic), and it may be controlled by various means: a foot pedal that the operator steps on when desired; a line in the program (for opening and closing under program control); or a button on the control panel.