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The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
In some languages, devoicing is lexicalized, which means that words that are devoiced in isolation retain that final devoicing when they are part of a compound. In English, for example, there is an alternation between voiced and voiceless fricatives in pairs such as the following: thief ([f]) – thieve ([v]) bath ([θ]) – bathe ([ð])
Notes: In the tables, the hyphen has two different meanings. A hyphen after the letter indicates that it must be at the beginning of a syllable, e.g., j - in jumper and ajar. A hyphen before the letter indicates that it cannot be at the beginning of a word, e.g., - ck in sick and ticket.
This morpheme is pronounced /s/, /z/, or /ᵻz/, [note 1] depending on the nature of the preceding sound. If the preceding sound is a sibilant consonant (one of /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/), or an affricate (one of /tʃ/, /dʒ/), the plural marker takes the form /ᵻz/. Examples: mass /ˈmæs/, plural masses /ˈmæsᵻz/ fez /ˈfɛz/, plural fezzes ...
In Maltese, ż represents the voiced alveolar sibilant [z], pronounced like "z" in English "maze". This contrasts with the letter z , which represents the voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate [ts] , like in the word "ha ts ".
[vague] An example may be seen in M. B. Moore's 1863 book The Dixie Primer, for the Little Folks. [3] Historically, the figure is a ligature for the letters Et. In English and many other languages, it is used to represent the word and, plus occasionally the Latin word et, as in the abbreviation &c (et cetera).
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The symbol for the alveolar sibilant is z , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z. The IPA letter z is not normally used for dental or postalveolar sibilants in narrow transcription unless modified by a diacritic ( z̪ and z̠ respectively).