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Valence is an inferred criterion from instinctively generated emotions; it is the property specifying whether feelings/affects are positive, negative or neutral. [2] The existence of at least temporarily unspecified valence is an issue for psychological researchers who reject the existence of neutral emotions (e.g. surprise , sublimation). [ 2 ]
The original Blob Tree was created in the early 1980s [2] by Pip Wilson and Ian Long as a way of communicating with young people and adults who found reading difficult. [3] The Blob Tree collection consists of a set of illustrations of blob figures in various poses and expressions, each representing a different emotion or feeling. [4]
For example, a positive valence would shift the emotion up the top vector and a negative valence would shift the emotion down the bottom vector. [11] In this model, high arousal states are differentiated by their valence, whereas low arousal states are more neutral and are represented near the meeting point of the vectors.
Across most cultures, nations, and groups of people, the average and median ratings of life satisfaction are not neutral, as one might expect, but mildly positive. Groups of people who do not show a positivity offset include people with depression , people in severe poverty , and people who live in perpetually threatening situations.
A common way in which emotions are conceptualized in sociology is in terms of the multidimensional characteristics including cultural or emotional labels (for example, anger, pride, fear, happiness), physiological changes (for example, increased perspiration, changes in pulse rate), expressive facial and body movements (for example, smiling ...
Most people enter military service “with the fundamental sense that they are good people and that they are doing this for good purposes, on the side of freedom and country and God,” said Dr. Wayne Jonas, a military physician for 24 years and president and CEO of the Samueli Institute, a non-profit health research organization.
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For example, children may understand that upon receiving a gift they should display a smile, irrespective of their actual feelings about the gift. [80] During childhood, there is also a trend towards the use of more cognitive emotion regulation strategies, taking the place of more basic distraction, approach, and avoidance tactics.