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Jules François Camille Ferry (French: [ʒyl fɛʁi]; 5 April 1832 – 17 March 1893) was a French statesman and republican philosopher. [1] He was one of the leaders of the Moderate Republicans and served as Prime Minister of France from 1880 to 1881 and 1883 to 1885.
The leaders of the group included Adolphe Thiers, Jules Ferry, Jules Grévy, Henri Wallon and René Waldeck-Rousseau. Although considered leftist at the time, the Moderate Republicans progressively evolved into a centre-right political party.
The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry , a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school ( l'école républicaine ).
In March 1879, [71] debates on the Jules Ferry law on higher education—subsequently known as the law of March 18, 1880—gave rise to considerable controversy due to its Article 7, which revoked the right of congregationist teachers to confer university degrees. [72] The Republicans sought to inflict a decisive blow to Catholic education . [73]
(fr) Pierre Chevallier, La séparation de l’Église et de l’école: Jules Ferry et Léon XIII, Paris, Fayard, 1981 (fr) Yves Déloye, chap. V "Les guerres scolaires", in École et citoyenneté: l’individualisme républicain de Jules Ferry à Vichy: controverses, Paris, Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1994 (ISBN ...
Legislative elections were held in France on 21 August and 4 September 1881. The elections marked the collapse of the right compared to the 1877 elections.. It was a great success for the followers of Léon Gambetta, whom President Jules Grévy appointed premier two months after the election.
On 17 March 1871, there was a meeting of Thiers and his cabinet, who were joined by Paris mayor Jules Ferry, National Guard commander General Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines and General Joseph Vinoy, commander of the regular army units in Paris. Thiers announced a plan to send the army the next day to take charge of the cannons.
Jules Ferry would never again serve as premier, and became a figure of popular scorn. The collapse of Ferry's ministry was a major political embarrassment for the proponents of the policy of French colonial expansion first championed in the 1870s by Léon Gambetta. It was not until the early 1890s that French colonial party regained domestic ...