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Nicotinamide (INN, BAN UK [2]) or niacinamide (USAN US) is a form of vitamin B 3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. [3] [4] [5] As a supplement, it is used orally (swallowed by mouth) to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). [4]
Niacin, a.k.a. vitamin B3, is a water-soluble B vitamin, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). “Niacin is a micronutrient that we have to get from outside sources, such as ...
Example of a label showing the amount of niacin (Vitamin B3), and specifying to be niacinamide in the ingredient section.. The United States adopted in 1942 the terms niacin to nicotinic acid and niacinamide to nicotinamide to avoid references to nicotine, [12] [13] the terms were incorporated into the United States Adopted Name [14] that was created later in 1961.
Primary pellagra is due to a diet that does not contain enough niacin and tryptophan. [1] Secondary pellagra is due to a poor ability to use the niacin within the diet. [1] This can occur as a result of alcoholism, long-term diarrhea, carcinoid syndrome, Hartnup disease, and a number of medications such as isoniazid. [1]
The body also converts niacin and the amino acid tryptophan into NAD, says Martens — these are both found in some foods and available as supplements, but may not be as effective.
Again, that's a resounding yes. "The skin-strengthening benefits of niacinamide partner well with retinol’s ability to regulate cellular turnover and control oil production," says Hartman.
A man with pellagra, which is caused by a chronic lack of vitamin B 3 in the diet. Severe deficiency of niacin in the diet causes the disease pellagra, characterized by diarrhea, sun-sensitive dermatitis involving hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin (see image), inflammation of the mouth and tongue, delirium, dementia, and if left untreated, death. [7]
The potential benefits and risks of NMN supplementation, as of 2023, are currently under investigation. [ 21 ] Certain enzymes are sensitive to the intracellular NMN/ NAD + ratio, such as SARM1 , [ 22 ] a protein responsible for initiating cellular degeneration pathways such as MAP kinase and inducing axonal loss and neuronal death .