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Ideal diode with a series voltage source and resistor. The I-V characteristic of the final circuit looks like this: I-V characteristic of an ideal diode with a series voltage source and resistor. The real diode now can be replaced with the combined ideal diode, voltage source and resistor and the circuit then is modelled using just linear elements.
A simple ideal diode in VHDL-AMS would look something like this: library IEEE ; use IEEE.math_real. all ; use IEEE.electrical_systems. all ; -- this is the entity entity DIODE is generic ( iss : current := 1 . 0 e - 14 ); port ( terminal anode , cathode : electrical ); end entity DIODE ; architecture IDEAL of DIODE is quantity v across i ...
The circuit is treated as a completely linear network of ideal diodes. Every time a diode switches from on to off or vice versa, the configuration of the linear network changes. Adding more detail to the approximation of equations increases the accuracy of the simulation, but also increases its running time.
Shockley derives an equation for the voltage across a p-n junction in a long article published in 1949. [2] Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. [3]
To model the nonideal behavior of a real circuit component may require a combination of multiple ideal electrical elements to approximate its function. For example, an inductor circuit element is assumed to have inductance but no resistance or capacitance , while a real inductor, a coil of wire, has some resistance in addition to its inductance.
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In low voltage converters (around 10 volts and less), the voltage drop of a diode (typically around 0.7 to 1 volt for a silicon diode at its rated current) has an adverse effect on efficiency. One classic solution replaces standard silicon diodes with Schottky diodes , which exhibit very low voltage drops (as low as 0.3 volts).