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Phyllobates is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America, from Nicaragua to Colombia. There are 3 different Colombian species of Phyllobates, considered highly toxic species due to the poison they contain in the wild. Phyllobates contains the most poisonous species of frog, the golden poison frog (P. terribilis).
The golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis), also known as the golden dart frog or golden poison arrow frog, is a poison dart frog endemic from the rainforests of Colombia. The golden poison frog has become endangered due to habitat destruction within its naturally limited range. Despite its small size, this frog is considered to be the ...
Phyllobates bicolor, or more commonly referred to as the black-legged poison dart frog, is the world's second-most toxic dart frog. [2] Under the genus Phyllobates , this organism is often mistaken as Phyllobates terribilis , the golden poison frog, as both are morphologically similar.
Phyllobates aurotaenia is a member of the frog family Dendrobatidae, [1] [2] which are found in the tropical environments of Central and South America. First described by zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1913, [ 3 ] P. aurotaenia is known for being the third most poisonous frog in the world [ citation needed ] .
Like all members of the genus Phyllobates, Golfodulcean poison frogs have highly potent neurotoxic alkaloid poisons in their skin. The neurotoxin is called batrachotoxin and the P. vittatius and P. ligubris are considered non-toxic because they have low concentrations of this alkaloid. (Protti‐Sánchez et al., 2019).
The lovely poison frog or lovely poison-arrow frog (Phyllobates lugubris) is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae.It is found on the Caribbean versant of Central America from southeastern Nicaragua through Costa Rica to northwestern Panama, with one record just west of the Panama Canal.
Phyllobates samperi, [1] formerly known as sp. aff. aurotaenia is a new species of hypertoxic poison dart frog, once cited as the "red" form of Phyllobates aurotaenia.It resembles in size and to some extent in colouration to P. aurotaenia, but genetically it is the sister species of the "terrible" frog P. terribilis. [2]
Batrachotoxin was discovered by Fritz Märki and Bernhard Witkop, at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. Märki and Witkop separated the potent toxic alkaloids fraction from Phyllobates bicolor and determined its chemical properties in 1963. [4]