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The Hawaiian rebellions and revolutions took place in Hawaii between 1887 and 1895. Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state , recognized by the United States , United Kingdom , France , and Germany with exchange of ambassadors.
The 1895 Wilcox rebellion or the Counter-Revolution of 1895 [note 1] was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Republic of Hawaii. It was the last major military operation by royalists who opposed the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom .
Hawaiian, American, and European men were granted full voting rights only if they met the economic and literacy thresholds. [ 13 ] The 1864 constitution required that voters generate annual income of at least US$ 75 (equivalent to US$1461 in 2024) or own private property worth at least US$150 (equivalent to $2922 in 2024).
The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a coup d'état against Queen Liliʻuokalani that took place on January 17, 1893, on the island of Oahu, and was led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents (five Americans, one Scotsman, and one German [5]) and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu.
A native Hawaiian officer and veteran of the Italian military, Robert William Wilcox, organized a rebellion on July 30, 1889, to revive the powers of the monarch over administration. The rebellion was thwarted by the absence of the King at ʻIolani Palace (who was needed to promulgate a new constitution), and the Honolulu Rifles.
Though many Americans think of a vacation in a tropical paradise when imagining Hawaii, how the 50th state came to be a part of the U.S. is actually a much darker story, generations in the making.
In the wake of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, President Grover Cleveland of the United States denounced the coup d'état and vowed to reverse the damage done, and to restore the Kingdom. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Following the overthrow, Cleveland launched an investigation headed by James Blount (as then United States Minister to Hawaii ), known as ...
The 2nd Battalion Hawaiian Volunteers was disbanded for their disloyalty toward the King and neutral stance during the rebellion. Two years later, in 1891, King Kalākaua died in San Francisco and Liliʻuokalani ascended the Hawaiian throne. Wilcox would hold a prominent position in her government as an elected member of the Royal Legislature.