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However, in light skinned populations, namely those of European descent, women have darker skin than men. [11] [110] It is unknown why skin color is sexually dimorphic in some populations. White women may have darker skin than white men because the female sex hormone estrogen is known to increase skin pigmentation in lighter-skinned populations ...
“It’s much more common in women than men and often is caused by circulating estrogen, the sun, and heat.” ... “Darker skin types are more likely to develop melasma, ranging from 9 to 50 ...
Estrogen is associated with edema, including facial and abdominal swelling. Melanin. Estrogen is known to cause darkening of skin, especially in the face and areolae. [38] Pale skinned women will develop browner and yellower skin during pregnancy, as a result of the increase of estrogen, known as the "mask of pregnancy". [39]
Some cases have been reported in individuals who underwent estrogen therapy. Although, it is a benign condition, it is associated with cosmetic concerns and may also cause problems during breastfeeding. Hyperkeratosis may last indefinitely, if left untreated. The treatment consists of surgical methods or topical medications. [3]
It's a common skin condition that causes dark patches to appear on the face, usually the forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin, says Dr. Ife Rodney, MD, a board-certified dermatologist and founding ...
Antioxidants: Free radical damage (which you can get from sun exposure) is a known cause of skin pigmentation disorders, including melasma. Antioxidants, like niacinamide and retinol (vitamin A ...
Melasma (also known as chloasma faciei, [1]: 854 or the mask of pregnancy [2] when present in pregnant women) is a tan or dark skin discoloration.Melasma is thought to be caused by sun exposure, genetic predisposition, hormone changes, and skin irritation. [3]
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by sun damage, inflammation, or other skin injuries, including those related to acne vulgaris. [1] [2] [3]: 854 People with darker skin tones are more prone to hyperpigmentation, especially with excess sun exposure. [4] Many forms of hyperpigmentation are caused by an excess production of melanin. [4]