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Map of the world's railways showing the different gauges in use. Breaks of gauge generally occur where lines of different track gauge meet.. With railways, a break of gauge occurs where a line of one track gauge (the distance between the rails, or between the wheels of trains designed to run on those rails) meets a line of a different gauge.
Track gauge or rail gauge (also known as track gage in North America [8]) is the distance between the inner sides (gauge sides) of the heads of the two load bearing rails that make up a single railway line. Each country uses different gauges for different types of trains.
3 ft 6 in gauge railways: 96,000 60,000 8.6% Southern and Central Africa; Nigeria (most); Indonesia (Java and Sumatera); Japan; Taiwan; Philippines; New Zealand; and the Australian states of Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania and South Australia. 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Standard-gauge railway: 678,000 421,000 60.6%
Track layout diagram of Terowie break-of-gauge station (South Australian Railways), 1913. In 1922, 273 inventions to solve the break-of-gauge had been proposed, and none adopted. [33] In 1933, as many as 140 devices were proposed by inventors to solve the break-of-gauge problem, none of which was adopted. [34]
In Portugal, there are three railway loading gauge standards for conventional (iberian gauge) railways: Gabarito PT b, Gabarito PT b+ and Gabarito PT c. Gabarito PT b (also called CPb) and Gabarito PT b+ (also called CPb+) allow rail cars to be 3.44 m (11 ft 3.5 in) wide with a permitted height of 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in), although CPb+ has a ...
The track spacing is the distance between the track centres of double-track railway lines. There are standard distances derived from the standard loading gauge in a country. . For high-speed trains and in tighter curves that distance needs to be increa
Track gauge conversion is the changing of one railway track gauge (the distance between the running rails) to another. In general, requirements depend on whether the conversion is from a wider gauge to a narrower gauge or vice versa, on how the rail vehicles can be modified to accommodate a track gauge conversion, and on whether the gauge conversion is manual or automated.
Track gauge in the United States is standard gauge. In 1867 the Great Western Railway converted to dual gauge the 229 miles (369 km) line from Windsor to Suspension Bridge, where it connected to the US network, allowing an end to transshipment at the previous break-of-gauge. The railroad even ran mixed gauge trains on the line.