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In statistics, Poisson regression is a generalized linear model form of regression analysis used to model count data and contingency tables. [1] Poisson regression assumes the response variable Y has a Poisson distribution, and assumes the logarithm of its expected value can be modeled by a linear combination of unknown parameters.
In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (/ ˈ p w ɑː s ɒ n /; French pronunciation:) is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time if these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event. [1]
Generalized linear models were formulated by John Nelder and Robert Wedderburn as a way of unifying various other statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression and Poisson regression. [1] They proposed an iteratively reweighted least squares method for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the model parameters. MLE ...
Such procedures differ in the assumptions made about the distribution of the variables in the population. If the variable is positive with low values and represents the repetition of the occurrence of an event, then count models like the Poisson regression or the negative binomial model may be used.
The Poisson model is a popular model for recurrent event data, which models the number of recurrences that have occurred. Poisson regression assumes that the number of recurrences has a Poisson distribution with a fixed rate of recurrence over time.
Hilbe [3] notes that "Poisson regression is traditionally conceived of as the basic count model upon which a variety of other count models are based." In a Poisson model, "… the random variable y {\displaystyle y} is the count response and parameter λ {\displaystyle \lambda } (lambda) is the mean.
In Bayesian probability theory, if, given a likelihood function (), the posterior distribution is in the same probability distribution family as the prior probability distribution (), the prior and posterior are then called conjugate distributions with respect to that likelihood function and the prior is called a conjugate prior for the likelihood function ().
In statistics, a fixed-effect Poisson model is a Poisson regression model used for static panel data when the outcome variable is count data. Hausman, Hall, and Griliches pioneered the method in the mid 1980s.