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The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection. [1] There are several classes of antiretroviral agents that act on different stages of the HIV life-cycle. The use of multiple drugs that act on different viral targets is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy ...
Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea. [6] Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels. [6] It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. [6] ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. [6]
As with many medications targeting reverse transcriptase, body fat redistribution syndrome may occur, causing body fat to center on the upper back and neck, breast, and torso, and potentially decreasing around the legs, arms, and face. [11]
Efavirenz (EFV), sold under the brand names Sustiva among others, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. [1] It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. [1]
Individuals with advanced HIV-1 disease, a history of peripheral neuropathy, or individuals on other drugs that have association with neuropathy develop this side effect more often. [ 2 ] Stavudine has been shown in laboratory test to be genotoxic , but with clinical doses its carcinogenic effects are non-existent.
These three drugs work in combination to target the HIV reverse transcriptase protein in three ways, which reduces the virus's capacity to mutate. [5] In combination studies there were synergistic antiviral effects observed between emtricitabine and efavirenz, efavirenz and tenofovir, and emtricitabine and tenofovir. [5]
Ritonavir is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1-infected patients. [4] [5] [8] Though initially developed as an independent antiviral treatment, it is most commonly used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer, in order to increase the plasma concentrations of other antiretrovirals.
Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles.
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