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Vancomycin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1958. [14] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [15] The WHO classifies vancomycin as critically important for human medicine. [16] It is available as a generic medication. [9] Vancomycin is made by the soil bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis. [7]
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
In 1986, some European countries banned the use of antibiotics because of research they found that linked antibiotic use in livestock and drug resistant bacteria in humans. [11] The European Union regulated in 2006 against antibiotics for growth promotion purposes. [12] It was estimated in 2014 that over 80% of the world's antibiotic use was on ...
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. [9] [10] Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Hyperthermia is an elevation of body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough heat loss. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] Hyperthermia is thus not considered fever. [ 7 ] : 103 [ 40 ] Hyperthermia should not be confused with hyperpyrexia (which is a very high fever).
Normal human body temperature (normothermia, euthermia) is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F).
A medical thermometer or clinical thermometer is a device used for measuring the body temperature of a human or other animal. The tip of the thermometer is inserted into the mouth under the tongue (oral or sub-lingual temperature), under the armpit (axillary temperature), into the rectum via the anus (rectal temperature), into the ear (tympanic temperature), or on the forehead (temporal ...
[134] [138] A sudden drop and rise in body temperature, known as the Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction, can occur due to the rapid lysis of bacteria and release of endotoxins. [139] Rapid bacterial lysis releases endotoxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria ) that trigger systemic inflammatory responses, [ 140 ] including ...