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  2. Fast track (trade) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_track_(trade)

    The TPA had the effect of delegating congressional power to the executive branch with limitations. [2] Fast track agreements were enacted as "congressional-executive agreements" (CEAs), which were negotiated for by the executive branch following set guidelines from Congress, and were approved by a majority in both chambers of Congress. [3]

  3. Trade Act of 2002 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_Act_of_2002

    The Trade Act of 2002 (Pub. L. 107–210 (text), H.R. 3009, 116 Stat. 933, enacted August 6, 2002; 19 U.S.C. §§ 3803–3805; U.S. Trade Promotion Authority Act) granted the President of the United States the authority to negotiate trade deals with other countries and gives Congress the approval to only vote up or down on the agreement, not to amend it.

  4. Privileges or Immunities Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_or_Immunities...

    The primary author of the Privileges or Immunities Clause was Congressman John Bingham of Ohio. The common historical view is that Bingham's primary inspiration, at least for his initial prototype of this Clause, was the Privileges and Immunities Clause in Article Four of the United States Constitution, [1] [2] which provided that "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges ...

  5. Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to...

    The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War.

  6. Privileges and Immunities Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privileges_and_Immunities...

    In the federal circuit court case of Corfield v.Coryell, [1] Justice Bushrod Washington wrote in 1823 that the protections provided by the clause are confined to privileges and immunities which are, "in their nature, fundamental; which belong, of right, to the citizens of all free governments; and which have, at all times, been enjoyed by the citizens of the several states which compose this ...

  7. Third-party administrator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-party_administrator

    In the United States, a third-party administrator (TPA) is an organization that processes insurance claims or certain aspects of employee benefit plans for a separate entity. [1] It is also a term used to define organizations within the insurance industry which administer other services such as underwriting and customer service.

  8. Equal Protection Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause

    In the United States, 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction and the start of the Gilded Age. The first truly landmark equal protection decision by the Supreme Court was Strauder v. West Virginia (1880). A black man convicted of murder by an all-white jury challenged a West Virginia statute excluding blacks from serving on juries. Exclusion of ...

  9. Title 15 of the United States Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_15_of_the_United...

    Title 15 of the United States Code outlines the role of commerce and trade in the United States Code. [1] Notable legislation in the title includes the Federal Trade Commission Act , the Clayton Antitrust Act , the Sherman Antitrust Act , the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 , the Consumer Product Safety Act , and the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 .