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  2. Ecotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotoxicity

    Effects included stunted colony growth and darkening in color. Effects of climbazole on oats and turnip included stunted growth of the leaves and shoot, as well as turning darker in color. The aquatic ecotoxicity of climbazole can be classified as very toxic to Lemna and algae, toxic to fish, and harmful to Daphnia. [3]

  3. Microorganism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism

    As microorganisms, in particular bacteria, are found virtually everywhere, harmful microorganisms may be reduced to acceptable levels rather than actually eliminated. In food preparation, microorganisms are reduced by preservation methods such as cooking, cleanliness of utensils, short storage periods, or by low temperatures.

  4. Physical factors affecting microbial life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_factors_affecting...

    Freezing temperatures curb the spoiling effect of microorganisms in food, but can also preserve some pathogens unharmed for long periods of time. Freezing kills some microorganisms by physical trauma, others are sublethally injured by freezing, and may recover to become infectious. [13]

  5. Microbial toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_toxin

    Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are in the outer plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin , which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is the most toxic substance known in the world. [ 1 ]

  6. Phytoremediation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation

    Phytoremediation technologies use living plants to clean up soil, air and water contaminated with hazardous contaminants. [1] It is defined as "the use of green plants and the associated microorganisms, along with proper soil amendments and agronomic techniques to either contain, remove or render toxic environmental contaminants harmless". [2]

  7. Human interactions with microbes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with...

    Microorganisms are essential tools in biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. The yeasts brewer's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) and fission yeast ( Schizosaccharomyces pombe ) are important model organisms in science, since they are simple eukaryotes that can be grown rapidly in large numbers and are easily ...

  8. Bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria

    Bacteria display many cell morphologies and arrangements [9] Size. Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length.

  9. Wikipedia:Content translation tool - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content...

    The content translation tool assists users in translating existing Wikipedia articles from one language to another. Users select an article in any language, then select another language, and the interface provides machine translation which the human user can then use as inspiration to make readable text in another language.