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Yiddish, [a] historically also Judeo-German, [11] [b] is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.It originated in 9th-century [12]: 2 Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic.
Yiddishism [a] is a cultural and linguistic movement which began among Jews in Eastern Europe during the latter part of the 19th century. [1] Some of the leading founders of this movement were Mendele Moykher-Sforim (1836–1917), [2] I. L. Peretz (1852–1915), and Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916). [3]
At the start of the 20th century, anti-Jewish pogroms continued, leading to large-scale emigration. In 1915, the imperial Russian government expelled thousands of Jews from the Empire's border areas. [18] [19] During the Russian Revolution and ensuing Civil War, an estimated 31,071 Jews were killed in pogroms between 1918 and 1920. [20]
During the 19th century Galicia and its main city, Lviv (Lemberg in Yiddish), became a center of Yiddish literature. Lviv was the home of the world's first Yiddish-language daily newspaper, the Lemberger Togblat. [4] Towards the end of World War I, Galicia became a battleground of the Polish-Ukrainian War, which erupted in November 1918. [5]
Between 1880 and the start of World War I in 1914, about 2,000,000 Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews immigrated from diaspora communities in Eastern Europe, where repeated pogroms made life untenable. They came from Jewish diaspora communities of Russia , the Pale of Settlement (modern Poland , Lithuania , Belarus , Ukraine and Moldova ), and the ...
This is a list of words that have entered the English language from the Yiddish language, many of them by way of American English.There are differing approaches to the romanization of Yiddish orthography (which uses the Hebrew alphabet); thus, the spelling of some of the words in this list may be variable (for example, shlep is a variant of schlep, and shnozz, schnoz).
The Jewish proper diaspora began with the Babylonian exile in the 6th century BCE. [ 26 ] After the overthrow of the Kingdom of Judah in 586 BCE by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon (see Babylonian captivity ) and the deportation of a considerable portion of its inhabitants to Mesopotamia , the Jews had two principal cultural centers: Babylonia and ...
The start of the Age of Patriarchs with Abraham, and the origin for the Abrahamic Religions, mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, Christian Bible and the Quran respectively: Abraham by Guercino: 1900: The Second patriarch Isaac, the long-awaited son of Abraham and Sarah, was nearly sacrificed by his father in a test of faith: Isaac by Jusepe de ...