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Caesium carbonate can be prepared by thermal decomposition of caesium oxalate. [3] Upon heating, caesium oxalate is converted to caesium carbonate with emission of carbon monoxide. Cs 2 C 2 O 4 → Cs 2 CO 3 + CO. It can also be synthesized by reacting caesium hydroxide with carbon dioxide. [3] 2 CsOH + CO 2 → Cs 2 CO 3 + H 2 O
Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine is synthesized by treatment of trimethylsilyl chloride with ammonia: [3] 2 (CH 3) 3 SiCl + 3 NH 3 → [(CH 3) 3 Si] 2 NH + 2 NH 4 Cl. Ammonium nitrate together with triethylamine can be used instead. [4] This method is also useful for 15 N isotopic enrichment of HMDS.
In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol (−OH) is oxidized to an aldehyde (−CH=O) or ketone (>C=O) using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine.
[3] Freeze drying or lyophilization is a drying method where the solvent is frozen prior to drying and is then sublimed, i.e., passed to the gas phase directly from the solid phase, below the melting point of the solvent. It is increasingly applied to dry foods, beyond its already classical pharmaceutical or medical applications.
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and other polar organic solvents. [6] The CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 group is known as the tosyl group and is often abbreviated as
In organic chemistry, some dehydration reactions are subject to unfavorable but fast equilibria. One example is the formation of dioxolanes from aldehydes: [9] RCHO + (CH 2 OH) 2 RCH(OCH 2) 2 + H 2 O. Such unfavorable reactions proceed when water is removed by azeotropic distillation.
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Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.