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  2. Factor of safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_of_safety

    In engineering, a factor of safety (FoS) or safety factor (SF) expresses how much stronger a system is than it needs to be for an intended load.Safety factors are often calculated using detailed analysis because comprehensive testing is impractical on many projects, such as bridges and buildings, but the structure's ability to carry a load must be determined to a reasonable accuracy.

  3. Cost of goods sold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_goods_sold

    Cost of goods sold (COGS) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.. Costs are associated with particular goods using one of the several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost.

  4. Sharia and securities trading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia_and_securities_trading

    Margin trading (because it involves borrowing money to buy what is being traded) involves interest payments in margin accounts, day trading (because it involves buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day) is not concerned about the underlying product or economic activity of what is traded. [22]

  5. Futures contract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futures_contract

    Initial margin is the equity required to initiate a futures position. This is a type of performance bond. The maximum exposure is not limited to the amount of the initial margin, however, the initial margin requirement is calculated based on the maximum estimated change in contract value within a trading day. The initial margin is set by the ...

  6. Financial economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_economics

    Financial economics is the branch of economics characterized by a "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both sides of a trade". [1]

  7. Ohlson O-score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlson_o-score

    The Ohlson O-Score is the result of a 9-factor linear combination of coefficient-weighted business ratios which are readily obtained or derived from the standard periodic financial disclosure statements provided by publicly traded corporations.

  8. Inverse demand function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_demand_function

    This relationship holds true for all linear demand equations. The importance of being able to quickly calculate MR is that the profit-maximizing condition for firms regardless of market structure is to produce where marginal revenue equals marginal cost (MC). To derive MC the first derivative of the total cost function is taken.

  9. FOB (shipping) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOB_(shipping)

    The term "free on board", or "f.o.b." was used historically in relation to the transfer of risk from seller to buyer as goods are shipped. [1] There appears to have been an assumption that property and risk would pass from the seller to the buyer at the same time.