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Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), is a group of symptoms caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava ("SVC"), a short, wide vessel carrying circulating blood into the heart. The majority of cases are caused by malignant tumors within the mediastinum , most commonly lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma , directly compressing or invading ...
A positive Pemberton's sign is indicative of superior vena cava syndrome (SVC), commonly the result of a mass in the mediastinum.Although the sign is most commonly described in patients with substernal goiters where the goiter "corks off" the thoracic inlet, [4] the maneuver is potentially useful in any patient with adenopathy, tumor, or fibrosis involving the mediastinum.
The appearance is an indirect reflection of the collateralized flow of SVC syndrome, in which occlusion of the superior vena cava leads to preferential flow to the quadrate. [ 1 ] The sign is similar in mechanism but distinct in significance from the hot caudate sign , in which the caudate lobe of the liver shows preferential enhancement or ...
The differential diagnoses of Kussmaul's sign includes constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, and severe right-sided heart failure. [citation needed]
If obstruction of the superior vena cava by the Pancoast tumor occurs, a resulting mass effect called the superior vena cava syndrome occurs, resulting in facial swelling cyanosis and dilatation of the veins of the head and neck. This syndrome can be seen in 5-10% of patient cases. [11]
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
Non-developmental syndromes also directly or indirectly affect the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen, although they are extremely rare. These include superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), and thrombosis of the lateral sinus, superior sagittal sinus, internal jugular vein, or of the Great Cerebral Vein of Galen itself. [citation needed]
Congenital stenosis of vena cava is a congenital anomaly in which the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava has an aberrant interruption or coarctation. In some cases, it can be asymptomatic, [ 1 ] and in other cases it can lead to fluid accumulation and cardiopulmonary collapse.