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Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Hy's law is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. [1] The law is based on observations by Hy Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury.
A hepatotoxin (Gr., hepato = liver) is a toxic chemical substance that damages the liver.. It can be a side-effect, but hepatotoxins are also found naturally, such as microcystins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, or in laboratory environments, such as carbon tetrachloride, or far more pervasively in the form of ethanol (drinking alcohol).
The FDA first warned in September that the drug could cause liver problems. It escalated that warning after reviewing the case of a person with blood markers of liver injury who had been taking ...
NAPQI therefore remains in its toxic form in the liver and reacts with cellular membrane molecules, resulting in widespread hepatocyte damage and death, leading to acute liver necrosis. [35] [40] In animal studies, the liver's stores of glutathione must be depleted to less than 70% of normal levels before liver toxicity occurs. [36]
Part 1 of the ESSENCE trial evaluated the effect of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg on liver tissue (histology) compared to placebo on top of standard Popular Weight Loss Drug Wegovy Shows ...
HepaRG cell line is a human hepatic in vitro line used in liver biology research and for assessing liver pathology, hepatotoxicity, and drug-induced injury. The HepaRG model is considered a surrogate for Primary Human Hepatocytes, which are the most pertinent model to reproduce the human liver functioning as they express 99% of the same genes .
In March 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved resmetirom — sold under the brand name Rezdiffra® — for people with NASH and moderate to advanced liver scarring.