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  2. Hindustani verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_verbs

    The meaning conveyed is the doer went somewhere to do something. and came back after completing the action. 1. karnā "to do" 2. nikalnā "to come out" 1. kar ānā "to finish (and come back)", "to do (and return)"; 2. nikal ānā "to escape" cuknā "to have (already) completed something" Shows sense of completeness of an action in the past ...

  3. Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu

    Urdu in its less formalised register is known as rekhta (ریختہ, rek̤h̤tah, 'rough mixture', Urdu pronunciation:); the more formal register is sometimes referred to as زبانِ اُردُوئے معلّٰى, zabān-i Urdū-yi muʿallá, 'language of the exalted camp' (Urdu pronunciation: [zəbaːn eː ʊrdu eː moəllaː]) or لشکری ...

  4. Adab (gesture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adab_(gesture)

    Adab (Hindustani: آداب , आदाब ), from the Arabic word Aadaab (آداب), meaning respect and politeness, is a hand gesture used in the Indian subcontinent, by the Urdu-speaking while greeting. [1] [2] It involves raising the right hand in front of the eyes with palm inwards, while the upper torso is bent forward.

  5. Hindustani grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_grammar

    Compound verbs, a highly visible feature of Hindi–Urdu grammar, consist of a verbal stem plus a light verb. The light verb (also called "subsidiary", "explicator verb", and "vector" [ 55 ] ) loses its own independent meaning and instead "lends a certain shade of meaning" [ 56 ] to the main or stem verb, which "comprises the lexical core of ...

  6. Grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar

    The term grammar can also describe the linguistic behaviour of groups of speakers and writers rather than individuals. Differences in scale are important to this meaning: for example, English grammar could describe those rules followed by every one of the language's speakers. [2]

  7. Pashto grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_grammar

    Məʃarɑn wruɳa Məʃarɑn wruɳa 'Elder brothers' Class 2 Class 2 adjectives can end in either a consonant or a stressed schwa. Except for the masculine singular ablative and vocative suffixes, the suffixes of Class II are inherently stressed. These stressed suffixes are the chief difference between Class 1 and Class 2, although there are a few differences in suffix shape as well. Whether a ...

  8. Hindustani vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_vocabulary

    Hindustani, also known as Hindi-Urdu, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit-derived vocabulary, which it gained through Prakrit. [1] As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. [2]

  9. Agreement (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_(linguistics)

    ka tama-ŋɔ river-prox. in- ka this ka tama- ā -ŋɔ river-pl-prox. in- ka - ā these ka tama-ŋɔ in- ka / ka tama- ā -ŋɔ in- ka - ā river-prox. this / river-pl-prox. these In this example, what is copied is not a prefix, but rather the initial syllable of the head "river". By language Languages can have no conventional agreement whatsoever, as in Japanese or Malay ; barely any, as in ...