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2. Superabsorbent polymer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer

   A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass. [2] Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, [3] absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with ...

3. Solution polymerization - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_polymerization

   Polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyacrylamide are obtained by radical polymerization in water solution and used as thickeners, adhesives or flocculants. Acrylate and methacrylate homo- and copolymers are made by radical polymerization in toluene-acetone for coating applications.

4. Swelling capacity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swelling_capacity

   A small amount of superabsorbent polymer material is taken (0.1g) and it is placed in the beaker. 100 ml of deionized water is poured into the beaker. After 20 min the swollen polymer was separated by using [filter paper] By weighing the polymer, one can find the swollen capacity of the SAP material. [3]

5. pH-sensitive polymers - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH-sensitive_polymers

   Since polymer chains are often in close proximity to other parts of the same chain or to other chains, like-charged parts of the polymer repel each other. This repulsion leads to a swelling of the polymer. [citation needed] Polymers can also form micelles (spheres) in response to a change in pH. This behavior can occur with linear block copolymers.

6. Sodium polyacrylate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_polyacrylate

   Super-absorbent polymers (SAP) similar to sodium polyacrylate were developed in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [3] Before the development of these substances, the best water absorbing materials were cellulosic or fiber-based like tissue paper, sponge, cotton, or fluff pulp.

7. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

   A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

8. Leaching (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching_(chemistry)

   Biological substances can experience leaching themselves, [2] as well as be used for leaching as part of the solvent substance to recover heavy metals. [6] Many plants experience leaching of phenolics, carbohydrates, and amino acids, and can experience as much as 30% mass loss from leaching, [5] just from sources of water such as rain, dew, mist, and fog. [2]

9. Hildebrand solubility parameter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildebrand_solubility...

   The cohesive energy density is the amount of energy needed to completely remove a unit volume of molecules from their neighbours to infinite separation (an ideal gas). This is equal to the heat of vaporization of the compound divided by its molar volume in the condensed phase. In order for a material to dissolve, these same interactions need to ...