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Between 1893 and 1937, 215 people were executed at San Quentin by hanging, after which 196 prisoners died in the gas chamber. The gas chamber was constructed by inmates in 1937. [ 6 ] In 1995, the use of gas for execution was ruled "cruel and unusual punishment", which led to executions inside the gas chamber by lethal injection. [ 6 ]
The first 2 executions were by gas inhalation; all subsequent executions were by lethal injection, [2] following a 1996 federal court (9th Circuit) ruling that the use of the gas chamber in California was unconstitutional. [3] A further 2 people sentenced to death in California (Kelvin Malone and Alfredo Prieto) were executed in Missouri and ...
California's gas chamber at San Quentin State Prison was converted to an execution chamber for lethal injection. As of 2020, the last person to be executed in the gas chamber was German national Walter LaGrand, sentenced to death before 1992, who was executed in Arizona on March 3, 1999.
California adopted the gas chamber as its sole method in 1937 (though two more hangings took place for people already sentenced). The first people to die in the San Quentin gas chamber (the only one in the state) were Albert Kessell and Robert Lee Cannon on December 2, 1938. Three more people had their death sentences carried out within two weeks.
Barbara Elaine "Bonnie" Wood Graham (née Ford; June 26, 1923 – June 3, 1955) was an American criminal convicted of murder.She was executed in the gas chamber at San Quentin Prison on the same day as two convicted accomplices, Jack Santo and Emmett Perkins, all of whom were involved in a robbery that led to the murder of an elderly widow.
Robert Alton Harris (January 15, 1953 – April 21, 1992) was an American car thief, burglar, kidnapper and murderer who was executed at San Quentin State Prison in 1992 for the 1978 murders of two teenage boys in San Diego. His execution was the first in the state of California since 1967. [1]
Spinelli's original execution was delayed for 30 days by Culbert Olson. [13] Following two further repreives, [14] she was executed on November 21, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber at San Quentin.
Harris's brother, his distant cousin, and the warden of San Quentin Prison recount Harris's last few days and hours before his execution, including a moment when Harris was strapped into the gas chamber but removed after receiving a last-minute stay of execution.