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In a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle, the pump/motor directly connects to the driveshaft, [5] or the in-wheel motors provide driving torque directly to the wheel. The internal combustion engine is only connected to a pump, and is set to operate in its most efficient power range to maintain the optimal hydraulic pressure in the accumulator. [ 3 ]
The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder as a linear actuator. Most broadly, the category of devices called hydraulic motors has sometimes included those that run on hydropower (namely, water engines and water motors) but in today's terminology the name usually refers more specifically to motors that use hydraulic ...
SAI GM3 radial piston hydraulic motor [49] 15 kg 33 lb 15 kW 20 hp 1 kW/kg 0.61 hp/lb Denison GOLD CUP P14 axial piston hydraulic motor [50] 110 kg 250 lb 384 kW 509 hp 3.5 kW/kg 2.0 hp/lb Denison TB vane pump [51] 7 kg 15 lb 40.2 kW 53.9 hp 5.7 kW/kg 3.6 hp/lb Rexroth A2FM 16cc/rev, bent axis hydraulic motor (continuous output) 5.4 kg
Hydraulic hybrid vehicles use hydraulic motors to store energy in the form of compressed air. In a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle, the electrical energy generated by the motor is stored chemically in a battery, similar to battery and hybrid electric vehicles.
A series- or serial-hybrid vehicle is driven by an electric motor, functioning as an electric vehicle while the battery pack energy supply is sufficient, with an engine tuned for running as a generator when the battery pack is insufficient. There is typically no mechanical connection between the engine and the wheels, and the primary purpose of ...
For example, in Generation 1 and Generation 2 HSDs maximum speed is mainly limited by the speed of the smaller electric motor (often functioning as a generator). The Generation 3 HSD separates the ICE-MG1 path from the MG2 path, each with its own, tailored gear ratio (1.1:1 and 2.5:1, respectively, for late Priuses, including the Prius c).
The electric traction motor acts as a generator to charge the battery. The power stored in the battery is available to help the vehicle accelerate. Regenerative braking and eddy current braking are separate types of electric braking. Regenerative braking might not be classified as a retarder as it uses no extra physical hardware in addition to ...
The service factor is typically in the 1.15-1.4 range, with the figure being lower for higher-power motors. For every hour of operation at the service-factor-adjusted power rating, a motor loses two to three hours of life at nominal power, i.e. its service life is reduced to less than half for continued operation at this level.