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  2. Benzilic acid rearrangement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzilic_acid_rearrangement

    The benzilic acid rearrangement is formally the 1,2-rearrangement of 1,2-diketones to form α-hydroxy–carboxylic acids using a base. This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement ...

  3. Cannizzaro reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannizzaro_reaction

    Under ideal conditions the reaction produces 50% of both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid (it takes two aldehydes to produce one acid and one alcohol). [5] This can be economically viable if the products can be separated and both have a value; the commercial conversion of furfural into furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid is an example of this ...

  4. Reactivity series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactivity_series

    The most reactive metals, such as sodium, will react with cold water to produce hydrogen and the metal hydroxide: 2 Na (s) + 2 H 2 O (l) →2 NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g) Metals in the middle of the reactivity series, such as iron , will react with acids such as sulfuric acid (but not water at normal temperatures) to give hydrogen and a metal salt ...

  5. Benzyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzyl_group

    The benzyl cation or phenylcarbenium ion is the carbocation with formula C 6 H 5 CH + 2; the benzyl anion or phenylmethanide ion is the carbanion with the formula C 6 H 5 CH − 2. None of these species can be formed in significant amounts in the solution phase under normal conditions, but they are useful referents for discussion of reaction ...

  6. Benzoyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoyl_group

    The benzoyl functional group.. In organic chemistry, benzoyl (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ ɪ l /, BENZ-oh-il) [1] is the functional group with the formula −COC 6 H 5 and structure −C(=O)−C 6 H 5. [2] [3] It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen.

  7. Leuckart reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuckart_reaction

    The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the ...

  8. Benzoic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid

    Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic ...

  9. Henry reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_reaction

    One of the most frequently employed methods for inducing enantio- or diastereoselectivity in the Henry reaction is the use of chiral metal catalysts, in which the nitro group and carbonyl oxygen coordinate to a metal that is bound to a chiral organic molecule. Some metals that have been used include zinc, cobalt, copper, magnesium, and chromium ...