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Rhododendron ponticum showing classic symptoms of Phytophthora kernoviae in the UK. Phytophthora (from Greek φυτόν (phytón), "plant" and φθορά (phthorá), "destruction"; "the plant-destroyer") is a genus of plant-damaging oomycetes (water molds), whose member species are capable of causing enormous economic losses on crops worldwide, as well as environmental damage in natural ...
The resilience of human food systems and their capacity to adapt to future change is linked to biodiversity – including dryland-adapted shrub and tree species that help combat desertification, forest-dwelling insects, bats and bird species that pollinate crops, trees with extensive root systems in mountain ecosystems that prevent soil erosion ...
Other categories of threat (Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered) are defined in terms of the probability or risk of collapse. [1] A paper by Bland et al. suggests four aspects for defining ecosystem collapse in risk assessments: [19] qualitatively defining initial and collapsed states; describing collapse and recovery transitions
In other words, what do people lose out on with the removal of a given habitat? A country may increase its food supply by converting forest land to row-crop agriculture, but the value of the same land may be much larger when it can supply natural resources or services such as clean water, timber, ecotourism, or flood regulation and drought control.
Water management is the process of planning, developing, and managing water resources across all water applications, in terms of both quantity and quality." Water management is supported and guided by institutions, infrastructure, incentives, and information systems [39] The issue of the depletion of fresh water has stimulated increased efforts ...
The plants may recover during the night when evaporation is reduced as the stomata closes. [2] In woody plants, reduced water availability leads to cavitation of the xylem. Wilting occurs in plants such as balsam and holy basil，and other types of plants. Wilting is an effect of the plant growth-inhibiting hormone, abscisic acid. With ...
Land use change, especially in the form of deforestation, is the second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, after the burning of fossil fuels. [4] [5] Greenhouse gases are emitted from deforestation during the burning of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon.
Forages have a fibrous root system, which helps combat erosion by anchoring the plants to the top layer of the soil, and covering the entirety of the field, as it is a non-row crop. [125] In tropical coastal systems, properties of mangroves have been examined as a potential means to reduce soil erosion.