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Occasionally, during pregnancy, there is a single umbilical artery (SUA) present in the umbilical cord, as opposed to the usual two. [1] This is sometimes also called a two-vessel umbilical cord, or two-vessel cord. Approximately, this affects between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500 pregnancies, making it the most common umbilical abnormality.
A 7 cm (2.75 in) long detached umbilical cord. The cord can be clamped at different times; however, delaying the clamping of the umbilical cord until at least one minute after birth improves outcomes as long as there is the ability to treat the small risk of jaundice if it occurs. [18]
The acardiac twin is a parasitic twin that fails to properly develop a heart, and therefore generally does not develop the upper structures of the body. The parasitic twin, little more than a torso with or without legs, receives its blood supply from the host twin by means of an umbilical cord-like structure (which often only has two blood vessels, instead of three), much like a fetus in fetu ...
Birth defects are divided into two main types: structural disorders in which problems are seen with the shape of a body part and functional disorders in which problems exist with how a body part works. [3] Functional disorders include metabolic and degenerative disorders. [3] Some birth defects include both structural and functional disorders. [3]
In Type 1, there is a velamentous insertion with vessels running over the cervix. In Type 2, unprotected vessels run between lobes of a bilobed or succenturiate lobed placenta. In Type 3, a portion of the placenta overlying the cervix undergoes atrophy. In this type, there is a normal placental cord insertion and the placenta has only one lobe.
A vascular anomaly is a localized defect in blood vessels or lymph vessels. These defects are characterized by an increased number of vessels, and vessels that are both enlarged and heavily curved. Some vascular anomalies are congenital, others appear within weeks to years after birth, and others are acquired by trauma or during pregnancy ...
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This can lead to fetal malformations [2] [24] and low birth weight. [2] [6] [10] The umbilical vessels may also be longer compared to normal, [2] particularly when the site of velamentous cord insertion is in the lower uterine section as the extension of the uterine isthmus as pregnancy advances causes vessel elongation. [3]