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  2. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]

  3. Regression analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression_analysis

    In the more general multiple regression model, there are independent variables: = + + + +, where is the -th observation on the -th independent variable.If the first independent variable takes the value 1 for all , =, then is called the regression intercept.

  4. Linear regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_regression

    In the formula above we consider n observations of one dependent variable and p independent variables. Thus, Y i is the i th observation of the dependent variable, X ij is i th observation of the j th independent variable, j = 1, 2, ..., p. The values β j represent parameters to be estimated, and ε i is the i th independent identically ...

  5. Controlling for a variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlling_for_a_variable

    To identify the control variables needed here, one could ask what other variables determine not only someone's life satisfaction but also their age. Many other variables determine life satisfaction. But no other variable determines how old someone is (as long as they remain alive). (All people keep getting older, at the same rate, no matter ...

  6. Simple linear regression - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_linear_regression

    Deming regression (total least squares) also finds a line that fits a set of two-dimensional sample points, but (unlike ordinary least squares, least absolute deviations, and median slope regression) it is not really an instance of simple linear regression, because it does not separate the coordinates into one dependent and one independent ...

  7. Argument of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_of_a_function

    The independent variables are mentioned in the list of arguments that the function takes, whereas the parameters are not. For example, in the logarithmic function f ( x ) = log b ⁡ ( x ) , {\displaystyle f(x)=\log _{b}(x),} the base b {\displaystyle b} is considered a parameter.

  8. Mediation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediation_(statistics)

    Simple mediation model. The independent variable causes the mediator variable; the mediator variable causes the dependent variable. In statistics, a mediation model seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator ...

  9. Commonality analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonality_analysis

    These commonality coefficients sum up to the total variance explained (model R 2) of all the independent variables on the dependent variable. Commonality analysis produces 2 k − 1 commonality coefficients, where k is the number of the independent variables.