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From 1787 to 1868, enslaved African Americans were counted in the U.S. census under the Three-fifths Compromise.The compromise was an agreement reached during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention over the counting of slaves in determining a state's total population.
In 1900, when the U.S. population was 76 million, there were 66.8 million white Americans in the United States, representing 88% of the total population, [36] 8.8 million Black Americans, with about 90% of them still living in Southern states, [37] and slightly more than 500,000 Hispanics. [38]
Nigerian Americans and Ethiopian Americans were the most reported sub-Saharan African groups in the United States. [109] In the 2020 census, the African American population was undercounted at an estimated rate of 3.3%, up from 2.1% in 2010. [110]
Racial / Ethnic Profile of the United States by State and Territory (2020 Census) (NH = Non-Hispanic) [1] State Total Population White alone (NH) % Black or African American alone (NH) % Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) % Asian alone (NH) % Pacific Islander alone (NH) % Some Other Race alone (NH) % Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH ...
According to the 2010 US census, this number increased to 42 million when including multiracial African Americans, [72] making up 13% of the total US population. [e] [75] African Americans make up the second largest group in the United States, but the third largest group after White Americans and Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race. [76]
This list of U.S. cities by black population covers all incorporated cities and Census-designated places with a population over 100,000 and a proportion of black residents over 30% in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the territory of Puerto Rico and the population in each city that is black or African American.
From the 1910s to the 1960s, millions of Black Americans took part in the Great Migration, moving to northern cities to escape the overt racism of the Jim Crow South.
In 2024, the African immigrant population in the United States continued to grow steadily. According to the latest data, the number of African immigrants in the United States has already surpassed that of 2017, with the immigrant population increasing from about 2.1 million to more than 2.4 million. [26]